Children learn how to communicate by copying what they see and hear. However, learning how to imitate words isn’t a one and done deal. Let’s break it down into seven steps.
1. Children learn how to imitate simple actions with objects
2. Children learn how to imitate communicative gestures using the body
3. Children learn how to imitate vocalizations in play
4. Children learn how to imitate exclamatory words
5. Children learn how to imitate automatic speech
6. Children learn how to imitate single words
7. Children learn how to imitate short phrases.
Figure out what step your child is able to do consistently and then work from there!
Today, we’ll be talking about step one- imitating with objects. Some children need explicit teaching for motor imitation with objects and since, we’re talking about children, you know play will be involved. Targeting this skill will enhance imitation skills for language delayed children as well as teach children how to play which can be difficulty for children with autism and other significant developmental challenges. Playing together with objects will also enhance joint attention skills. Joint attention is the ability to shift attention between what is being playing (the object) and who is playing (the communication partner). Start with the expected actions of items (rolling a ball). A child may be able to do this independently if they have strong play skills, but can they do it while following an example (imitation skill verse play skill)?
Before we begin discussing ways to address this skill, let’s talk some prerequisite needs. First, is your child over 9 months of age? Imitation is a cognitive skill, so we want to ensure your child is old enough to learn it. Secondly, can he/she attend to an activity? A child must connect with another individual to imitate. If he/she is self-absorbed, work on addressing play skills first. Lastly, does the child have the motor capabilities to imitate the action?
Great! Let’s talk about how to teach imitation with objects. Start with any toy the child is interested in, or a household object such as a hairbrush. Since the goal here is for the child to imitate, the adult must first perform the action. Try to make it as fun and natural as possible. Perform the action 3-5 times, when wait and see if your child copies. Since this is a new skill, we will assume that imitation doesn’t initially occur. Take your child’s hands and do the action together. Then repeat. Two identical toys can also be used to help reduce conflict in toy sharing. The goal here is to decrease other demands, to focus on teaching and improving imitation. If the child is too distracted by having their own toy, use one and share. Remember to model the action several times before giving the object to the child.
Since we’re always focusing on language, model 1-2 word utterances during the play experiences. Practicing imitation with a car? Model ‘go’ and ‘go car’. Speak in a narrative form and avoid giving directions. We’re focusing in imitation skills, not following direction skills. Reduce other demands as much as possible. Once your child imitates, provide praise, and a lot of it! And remember, be silly and have fun! Be the most exciting thing in the room, so that your child wants to watch you!
Below are some fun actions to imitate with objects:
· Bang blocks together
· Pat hands on a drum
· Remove a blanket from a hidden toy
· Place objects into a container
· Knock over a tower of blocks
· Stack blocks
· Push a toy car
· Throw or roll a ball
· Knock on a door
· Hug a doll
· Feed a doll
Let me know below what other fun actions you think of.
Talk soon, Kim
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